Epilepsy (Canada) Quantitative Question Verification Form

  • Published: 15 September 2021
  • Version: V1
  • 18 min read

The purpose of this Question Verification Form is to enable Priority Setting Partnerships (PSPs) to describe clearly how they checked that their questions were unanswered, before starting the interim prioritisation stage of the process.

The JLA requires PSPs to be transparent and accountable in defining their own scope and evidence checking process. This will enable researchers and other stakeholders to understand how individual PSPs decided that their questions were unanswered, and any limitations of their evidence checking.

Name of the PSP

Epilepsy PSP

Please describe the scope of the PSP

The aim of this PSP is to identify the unanswered questions about epilepsy from patient, carer, and clinical perspectives and then prioritise questions that patients, carers, and clinicians agree are the most important for research to address.

The scope of the epilepsy PSP is defined as:

  • Diagnosis and cause
  • Treatment options
  • Care and management (includes social, emotional and psychological well-being)
  • Co-existing conditions

The PSP will exclude from its scope questions about:

  • Access to services
  • Treatment of epilepsy outside of Canada

The PSP Steering Group has advised on and agreed to the approach to evidence checking to determine whether questions posed by the epilepsy community are true uncertainties. Members of the Steering Group include patients, carers, and clinicians, as individuals or representatives from a relevant group.

The evidence check portion of the PSP was completed by the Information Specialist team, made up of staff from the Knowledge Translation Program at Unity Health Toronto.

Please provide a brief overview of your approach to checking whether the questions were unanswered

Based on suggestions from the epilepsy community, the Steering Group approved a set of 198 summary questions. The Information Specialist team organized questions into the three question types: quantitative (n = 165), qualitative (n = 32), and mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) (n = 1).

The strategy on this verification form outlines the approach taken to search for evidence syntheses relating to quantitative questions and the quantitative components of mixed methods questions. For information on the search strategy for each qualitative question, please review the Epilepsy PSP Qualitative Verification Form.

Part A:
Working with a Library Technician at the Knowledge Translation Program at Unity Health Toronto, a set of full-text systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and syntheses suggested by the Steering Group were collated into EndNote (version X7.7.1).

Part B:
The internal EndNote search function was used to search the pool of evidence syntheses relating to epilepsy, seizures, and convulsions (see Part A). A member of the Information Specialist team searched for key terms from each question using the “PDF” “contains” function within EndNote (see Table 1 below). A member of the Information Specialist team cross-referenced the summary question with the title results of the search, starting with the most recent reviews first. If a study title seemed relevant, the team member searched the full PDF for key terms from each question. The team member reviewed the sentences surrounding each keyword and, if relevant, the study conclusion.

After recognizing that many questions remained unanswered by syntheses, the Steering Group approved considering information from background and discussion sections of syntheses as relevant evidence.

If a full summary question was answered, the reference was recorded and the evidence check for that question was considered complete. If a reference addressed a question, but clearly stated that “more evidence is needed” to answer the question, the question was marked as unanswered and the relevant reference was recorded. Other search results for Part B continued to be reviewed.

If part of a summary question was answered, the team member recorded which parts of the question were answered and associated references. The team member rewrote the question to reflect only the unanswered piece.

If a team member was unsure whether a citation was answered by a review, the question and citation were discussed by at least three team members and a consensus decision was made. Any outlying questions on evidence interpretation not solved by consensus were escalated for review by the Information Specialist team’s Scientist.

Questions that required additional review were brought to a subgroup of the Steering Group, made up of a patient, a carer, and a clinician for consideration.

Upon completion of the evidence check, the Steering Group reviewed the overall results. This included reviewing questions marked as answered or partially answered by background and discussion sections of reviews.

Please list the type(s) of evidence you used to verify your questions as unanswered

Evidence checking was conducted across clinical guidelines and systematic reviews.

Please list the sources that you searched in order to identify that evidence

Systematic Reviews:

  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Cochrane Epilepsy

Clinical Guidelines:

  • Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
  • Steering Group confirmed that no relevant Canadian Royal College guidance exists on this PSP topic.

Additional Sources Suggested by PSP Steering Group:

  • International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)
    • A member of the Information Specialist team reviewed all resources on the ILAE site and extracted English clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews
  • World Health Organization (WHO): Epilepsy: a public health imperative

What search terms did you use?

Part A - Search Terms for Evidence Syntheses:
Terms for Epilepsy, seizures, and convulsions were searched. Truncation and search features were utilized to ensure that all relevant word variations were searched.

The core Cochrane search:
#1 MeSH descriptor: [Seizures] explode all trees
#2 MeSH descriptor: [Epilepsy] explode all trees
#3 (epilep* or seizure? or seizing or convulsion*):ti,ab,kw
#4 #1 or #2 or #3 in Cochrane Reviews

Part B - Search Terms Within EndNote:
Root words of key terms within each question were searched using the “PDF” “contains” function within EndNote (see Table 1). For example, for the question “are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of having autism?,” the term “autis” was searched for within each of the evidence synthesis PDFs.

Please describe the parameters of the search (eg time limits, excluded sources, country/language) and the rationale for any limitations

No date limitations were included.

English only (or translated into English) knowledge syntheses were considered.

Names of individuals who undertook the evidence checking

Information Specialist team members:
Danielle Kasperavicius, Jeanette Cooper, Kyle Silveira, Dr. Kathleen Gamble (qualitative specialist)

Library Technician: Alissa Epworth
Scientist: Dr. Christine (Tina) Fahim

On what date was the question verification process completed?

Part A searches were run on May 26, 2020. The question verification process (Part B) took place from May 28, 2020 to July 28, 2020.

Any other relevant information

  • For co-existing conditions questions, adverse events of anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) were not considered as co-existing conditions
    • For example, for the question “what causes memory problems associated with seizures,” reviews outlining memory loss as an adverse event of an ASD were not considered.
  • Acute incidents (e.g., respiratory depression from ASDs) were not considered long-term disorders.
  • For questions relating to reproduction and pregnancy, effects on the pregnant person and the fetus’ health were considered, unless specified otherwise.

Table 1: Summary Questions and Key Words Searched in EndNote for Part B of the Quantitative Evidence Check

Summary Question

EndNote Keywords for Part B

Because the EndNote “PDF” “contains” function finds only groupings of specified letters, the root of each key word was searched. No asterisks or database operators were used.

Q01: Does excessive alcohol intake increase the likelihood of seizure onset? All references were reviewed
Q02: Do acquired brain injuries (such as scarring due to stroke or brain surgery) cause seizures? All references were reviewed
Q03: Can a traumatic brain injury (e.g., concussion or other physical head trauma) cause seizures, and if yes, there a specific timeframe? All references were reviewed
Q04: Why and how does abnormal brain organization (cortical dysplasia) in certain parts of the brain cause seizures All references were reviewed
Q05: Does depression or anxiety cause seizures? All references were reviewed
Q06: Are there any exposures in a person's surroundings (e.g., chemicals, pesticides, heavy metals, pollution etc.) that are associated with an increased risk of seizures? Chemicals
Pesticides
Metals
Pollution
Environment
Q07: Are any contagious diseases associated with an increased risk of seizures? All references were reviewed
Q08: Do environmental factors (e.g., changes in weather patterns, moon phases, and seasons) affect the frequency of seizures? Weather
Moon
Season
Climate
Q09: Are there lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, amount of exercise) associated with an increased risk of seizures? Diet
Exercise
Lifestyle
Q10: What are the genetic markers are associated with seizure disorders and are any inheritable? Genetic + Predispos
Q11: What is the relationship between seizures and the human microbiome? Microbiome
Gut
Q12: Is there a relationship between hormonal changes (e.g., puberty, menopause, menstrual cycle, pregnancy) and seizure onset and frequency? Puberty
Menopause
Menstrual
Pregnancy
Hormones
Q13: Are there sex or gender differences in seizure frequency? Gender
Sex
Q14: Can using illegal drugs cause non-withdrawal seizures? (Illegal drugs do not include cannabis products or alcohol) Illegal
Substance Abuse
Q15: Can approved pharmaceuticals (e.g., chemotherapy, Accutane, anti-depressants) cause seizures? Chemotherapy
Pharmaceutical
Accutane
Antidepressant
Q16: Does stress/excitement cause/trigger seizure onset? Stress
Excite
Q17: Is there a relationship between autoimmune disorders and seizures? Autoimmune
Q18: Does dehydration cause seizures? Dehydration
Q19: Do enlarged ventricles in the brain cause seizures? Ventriculomegaly
Hydrocephalus
Q20: Is emotional trauma (e.g. sexual abuse, Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome) associated with an increased risk of seizures? Sexual Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Psychological Abuse
PTSD
PTSS
Q21: Can a vitamin deficiency cause seizure disorders? Vitamin Deficiency
Q22: Can vaccinations cause seizure disorders? Vaccin
Q23: Do fevers cause epilepsy? Fever + Epilepsy
Q24: Does periventricular nodular heterotopia cause seizures? Periventricular
Q25: Are sleep disorders linked to developing seizures? Sleep Disorder
Q26: In people with Sunflower Syndrome, what causes involuntary handwaving? Sunflower
Q27: Are learning difficulties (e.g., trouble learning to read) associated with seizures? Learning Disabilit
Q28: Are developmental delays associated with seizures? Developmental Delay
Q29: Is Type 1 diabetes associated with an increased risk of seizures? Diabetes
Type 1
Q30: What causes idiopathic temporal lobe epilepsy in adults? Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Q31: What causes Mesial Temporal seizures? Mesial
Q32: What tests could be conducted to reduce the time to diagnose epilepsy or other seizure disorders for people experiencing seizures? Diagnostic Test
Q33: For people with brain lesions, are there early indicators of seizure development? Brain Lesion
Q34: How often do misdiagnoses of epilepsy or seizure disorders occur? Misdiagnos
Q35: Can a safe and effective device be used for portable EEG monitoring in patients with seizures? Ambulatory + EEG
Q36: How useful are EEGs as a seizure disorder/epilepsy diagnostic tool? EEG
Q37: Can we improve the management or outcome of seizures using EEG or MRI as seizure monitoring tools? EEG
Q38: What is the role of genetic testing in the diagnosis of epilepsy? Genetic Test
Q39: How does understanding where seizures originate affect the outcome of treatment? Focal Seizure
Q41: What is the most effective testing protocol for determining causes of seizures and/or a diagnosis of epilepsy or other seizure disorder Diagnostic Test
Q42: What is the impact of seizures on the brain over a prolonged period of time? Brain Health
Long-term Impact
Neurodegenerat
Q43: Does life expectancy of people who experience seizures/epilepsy differ from life expectancy of the general population and if so, how does it differ? Life Expectancy
Q44: What are the long-term impacts of seizure disorders on patients' overall health and development? Impacts
Overall Health
Q45: What are the effects of seizures during pregnancy? Pregnancy + Seizure
Q46: What causes seizures to change in presentation and/or severity? Seizure + Severity
Q47: Why do some seizure disorders resolve? Remission
Q48: What are the brain changes, on a cellular level, that lead to seizure development? Cellular
Q49: What are the major factors associated with risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)? SUDEP
Q50: How can the risk of SUDEP be reduced in people with epilepsy? SUDEP
Q51: Are there ways to prevent seizures? Prevention
Q52: Are there ways to prevent the development of epilepsy/seizure disorders? Prevention
Q53: What is the relationship between age and seizure onset? Age of Onset
Q54: Are any pregnancy and birth-related factors (e.g., forceps delivery, blood sugar level at birth, prematurity) associated with an increased risk of seizures? (This question relates to individual being born, not the person delivering the child) Pregnancy + Seizure
Q55: Can any treatments cure seizures? Cure
Seizure Free
Q56: Are any treatments effective at controlling seizures? Control
Seizure Control
Q57: Does deep brain stimulation prevent seizures? Deep Brain Stimulation
Q58: Is a ketogenic diet effective at reducing seizures in people who experience seizures. Ketogenic
Q59: Does exercise (including cardiovascular exercise and yoga) reduce the risk of future seizures in people who experience seizures? Exercise
Cardiovascular
Yoga
Q60: Why do anti-seizure drugs stop working in some seizure patients? Drug Resistant
Anti-Seizure Drug
AEDs
Anti-Epileptic Drugs
Stop Working
No Effect
Monotherapy
Combination Therapy
Effective
Q61: Why are anti-seizure drugs effective for only some seizure types?

Anti-Seizure Drug
AEDs
Anti-Epileptic Drug
Monotherapy
Combination therapy
Effective

Q62: How effective are anti-seizure drugs? Anti-Seizure Drug
AEDs
Anti-epileptic drug
Monotherapy
Combination therapy
Effective
Q63: Are reduced doses of anti-seizure medications effective at controlling seizures? Dose
Decrease Dose
Reduced Dose
Q64: Does individual metabolism impact the effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs? Metabolism
Q65: Does pregnancy impact the effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs? Pregnant
Pregnancy
Child Bearing
Q66: Do supplements (e.g., daily multivitamins) impact the effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs? Supplement
Vitamin
Q67: For patients taking multiple anti-seizure drugs, how can we determine which combination of anti-seizure drugs are effective? Combination Therapy
Polypharmacy Polytherapy
Q68: How do hormone levels impact the effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs in people who experience seizures? Hormones
Q69: Are birth control pills an effective treatment for catamenial seizures? Birth Control
Q70: How effective is surgical treatment for adults and children who experience seizures/epilepsy? Surgery
Surgical Treatment
Q71: Which factors (if any) impact the effectiveness of surgery as a treatment for seizures? Surgery
Surgical Treatment
Q72: How effective is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) at reducing seizure frequency? Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Q73: Which treatment protocol is best for emergency seizure management? Rescue Medication
Status Epilepticus
Emergency
Q74: What is the best way to use rescue medications in community settings (e.g., schools)? Rescue Medication
Status Epilepticus
Emergency
Q75: What are the alternative emergency treatments to lorazepam and midazolam? Rescue Medication
Status Epilepticus
Q77. What are the major side effects of anti-seizure drugs? Side Effect
Adverse Event
Adverse Effect
Therap
Q78: What are the major side effects of non-drug treatments for seizures (e.g., surgery, ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation)? Side Effect
Adverse Event
Adverse Effect
Surgery
Ketogenic
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Q79: How can treatment side effects be mitigated for people who experience seizures? Side Effect
Adverse Event
Therap
Treatment
Mitigate
Q80: What causes the side effects associated with treatments for seizures? Side Effect
Adverse Event
Therap
Treatment
Q81: Are anti-seizure drugs safe to use during pregnancy? Pregnancy
Q82: What are the impacts of long-term use of commonly used anti-seizure drugs on a person’s overall health and development Anti-Seizure Drug
AED
Anti-Epileptic Drug
Monotherapy
Combination Therapy
Effective
Q83: What are the impacts of common non-drug treatments (e.g., surgery, diet changes etc.) on a person’s overall health and development? Surgery
Surgical Treatment
Diet
Ketogenic
Q84: What are the impacts of anti-seizure drugs on the reproductive health of people who experience seizures? Pregnancy
Pregnant
Reproductive
Child Bearing
Q85: Which non-drug treatments are effective for controlling seizures? Surgery
Surgical Treatment
Diet
Ketogenic
Non-Pharmacological
Yoga
Q86: Are cannabis products (e.g., Marijuana, CBD oil) an effective treatment for seizures? Canna
Q87: Does the use of cannabis products (e.g., CBD oil, marijuana) in combination with standard treatments (e.g., anti-seizure medication) provide increased seizure control? Canna
Q88: Is it safe to use cannabis products with standard treatments (e.g., anti-seizure medication)? Canna
Q89: Are dietary changes alone effective at reducing seizure frequency? Diet
Diet Therapy
Ketogenic
Q90: Do dietary changes provide increased seizure control when used in combination with standard treatments (e.g., anti-seizure drugs)? Diet
Diet Therapy
Ketogenic
Q91: How effective are dietary changes (e.g., the ketogenic diet) at reducing seizure frequency on their own and in combination with standard treatments (e.g., anti-seizure drugs)? Diet
Diet Therapy
Ketogenic
Q92: Does any form of exercise, in combination with standard treatment or on its own, reduce seizure frequency? Exercise
Cardiovascular
Yoga
Q93: Is laser surgery a safe, effective alternative to traditional surgical interventions to treat seizures? Surgery
Laser Surgery
Q94: Is psychotherapy an effective treatment for reducing seizure frequency? Psychotherapy
Psychological
Q95: Is vagus nerve stimulation an effective treatment for reducing seizure frequency? Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Q97: Is gene therapy an effective treatment for seizures caused by single gene mutations? Gene
Gene Therapy
Genetic
Q98: Are hormone-based therapies effective in treating seizures? Hormone
Q99: Is intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) therapy effective at preventing seizures? Intravenous
Globulin
Q100: Is ultrasound therapy an effective treatment for seizures? Ultrasound
Q101: Is use of a hyperbaric chamber an effective treatment for seizures? Hyperbaric
Q103: How can treatment options be tailored for specific seizure types and syndromes? Anti-Seizure Drug
AED
Anti-Epileptic Drug
Monotherapy
Combination Therapy
Effective
Q104: After initial seizure diagnosis, what follow-up care protocol(s) provide the best outcomes for people who experience seizures? Protocol
Follow-Up
Care
Q105: How often should anti-seizure drug treatment be reviewed and adjusted by a healthcare professional? Adjust
Review
Q106: What is the best strategy for monitoring seizure patients to prevent side-effects and breakthrough seizures? Monitor
Q107: Is it safe to wean a person who has experienced seizures off of anti-seizure drugs and if so, when is the right time to wean off anti-seizure drugs? Wean
Withdrawal
Q108: What indicators should be used (e.g., serum level, dose, length of time on treatment) to evaluate effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs? Anti-Seizure Drug
AED
Anti-Epileptic Drug
Monotherapy
Combination Therapy
Effective
Indicator
Dose
Q109: Is changing to a new anti-seizure drug after first drug failure (i.e., taking only 1 drug at a time) as effective at controlling seizures as adding a second drug to a patient's treatment plan (i.e., taking 2 drugs at a time)? Combination Therapy
Polypharmacy
Polytherapy
Add-On
Q110: When should treatment alternatives to anti-seizure drugs (e.g., surgery, thermal ablation, ketogenic diet) be considered to treat seizure patients? Complementary
Q111: If we study prodrome and post-ictal states closely, can we use our findings to develop effective treatments for prodrome and post-ictal states? Prodrome
Post-Ictal
Q112: Can an understanding of the role of estrogen metabolism in seizures be used to develop an effective treatment for seizures? Estrogen
Metabolism
Q113: Which non-genetic indicators can be used to select the most effective treatment option for a patient? Indicator
Consider
Select
Q114: Can genetic indicators be used to select the most effective treatment option for a patient and if so, which markers? Genetic+mark
Genetic+indic
Q115: What is the best treatment for seizures in children? Child
Pediatr
Juvenile
Q116: Should pediatric patients with seizures be reassessed during a transition program? Child
Pediatr
Juvenile
Q117: Is it safe and effective to take anti-seizure drugs and anti-depressants together? Depres
Q118: Is it safe and effective to receive vaccinations while taking anti-seizure drugs? AED
Antiseiz
Anti-seiz
Antiepil
Anti-epil
Q119: Do legal substances (e.g., alcohol, cannabis) impact the effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs AED+interact
Antiseiz+interact
Anti-seiz+interact
Antiepil+interact
Anti-epil+interact
AED+Alcohol
Antiseiz+Alcohol
Anti-seiz+Alcohol
Antiepil+Alcohol
Anti-epil+Alcohol
AED+Cannabis
Antiseiz+Cannabis
Anti-seiz+Cannabis
Antiepil+Cannabis
Anti-epil+Cannabis
AED+Marijuana
Antiseiz+Marijuana
Anti-seiz+Marijuana
Antiepil+Marijuana
Anti-epil+Marijuana
Q120: Are there any interactions between anti-seizure drugs and medications for other conditions (e.g. antibiotics)? AED
Antiseiz
Anti-seiz
Antiepil
Anti-epil
Within each PDF pulled from the list above, searched for “interact”
Q121: What treatments for seizures or epilepsy can be safely and effectively administered in a community setting (i.e., not in a hospital or doctor’s office)? Treat
Care
Manag+Communit
All titles searched
Q136: What is the best method to manage substance abuse for people with epilepsy or other seizure disorders? Substance
Abuse
Addiction
Q141: What stress management techniques are most effective for people who experience seizures? Stress
Q150: How can people who experience seizures and their caregivers decrease their risk of injury due to seizures in their daily lives? Safe
Injur
Q151: How can seizures be detected/monitored to reduce safety risks/complications? Safe
Injur
Q152: Is it safe for people who experience seizures to care for children alone? Child
Pediatr
Juvenile
Safe
Injur
Q156: How does air travel affect those who are experiences seizures? Travel
Plane
Air
Q157: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? ADHD
Attention Deficit
Q158: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of having autism? Autis
Q159: What causes behavioural changes in people who experience seizures? Behav
Q160: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of cardiovascular problems (e.g., heart attack)? Cardio
Heart
Q161: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing dementia or early-onset dementia? Dementia
Q162: Are people who experience seizures at increased risk of developing depression/anxiety? Depres
Q163: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of having developmental delays? Development
Q164:How does medication for other conditions effect the presentation of seizures in people who experience them? Medicat+Seizur
Drug+Seizur
Pharma+Seizur
Q165: What causes memory problems associated with seizures? Memor
Q166: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk for any mental health illnesses (excluding depression/anxiety)? Mental health+seizur
Psych+seizur
Q167: How do seizures impact the mood of people who experience them? Mood
Q168: Are seizures associated with significant personality changes in people who experience them? Personalit
Q169: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of sleep disorders Sleep
Q170: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of suicidal thoughts? Suicid
Q171: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases? Autoimmun
Q172: Is there an association between epilepsy and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures? Psychogenic
non-epilept
nonepilept
Q173: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing learning disabilities? Learning
Q174: What causes the development of post-ictal psychosis in people who experience seizures? Ictal+Psychosis
Q175: Is there an increased risk of substance abuse/addiction in people who experience seizures? Substance
Abuse
Addiction
Q176: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of having migraines? Migraine
Q177: Are anti-seizure drugs associated with an increased severity of breathing disorders Breat+Anti
Respi+Anti
Q178: Is use of anti-seizure drugs associated with an increased risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Bowel
IBS
Q179: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of losing their sense of smell? Smell
Anosmia
Q180: Is use of anti-seizure drugs associated with an increased risk of other neurological conditions (e.g. Tourette's)? AED+Neurolog
Antiseiz+Neurolog
Anti-seiz+Neurolog
Antiepil+Neurolog
Anti-epil+Neurolog
Q181: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing involuntary twitching of voluntary muscle groups, such as arms or fingers (severe benign fasciculation)? Voluntary
Fasciculation
Twitch
Q182: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing joint inflammation (bursitis)? Joint
Bursitis
Q183: What is the best treatment for behavioural issues in people who experience seizures? Behav
Q184: What medical, non-medical and community support methods can assist people who experience seizures in managing depression/anxiety? Depression
Anxiety
Q185: Can seizure control decrease the severity of developmental delays in people who experience seizures? Development
Q186: What is the best method for treating developmental delays in people who have seizures? Development
Q187: What are the best treatment and management options for memory loss in people who experience seizures ? Memor
Q188: What are the best methods to manage mood swings in people who experience seizures? Mood
Q189: What is the best way to support the mental health of people who experience seizures? Mental Health+Seizur
Psych+Seizur
Q190: How can sleep quality be monitored and improved for people who experience seizures? Sleep
Q191: What is the best way to manage suicidal thoughts in people who experience seizures? Suicid
Q192: How can depression/anxiety be prevented in people who experience seizures? Depression
Anxiety
Q193: How can behavioural issues be prevented in people who experience seizures? Behav
Q194: Are people who experience seizures at an increased risk of developing cognitive deficits? Cognitive+Deficit
Q195: How can chronic migraines be managed in people who experience seizures? Migraine
Q196: Can memory issues associated with seizures improve over time? Memor
Q197: What is the best protocol for screening seizure patients for common co-existing conditions? Screen